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Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the Institute of Oilseed Crops NAAS (ISSN: 2078-7316) / 2025 / 39 / P. 168-183

Photosynthetic potential of sunflower crops of hybrids of different maturity groups under the influence of pre-sowing seed treatment and foliar fertilization
Roenko V.T., Rozhkov A.O.

The purpose of the research was to determine the effect of pre-sowing seed treatment and foliar fertilization with growth stimulants with different active bases, both independently and in combination with complex water-soluble fertilizers, on the photosynthetic potential of crops both during certain phases of plant growth and development and in general during the vegetation of sunflower crops of hybrids of different maturity groups. The research was conducted in 2023, 2024 on the basis of the farm “AGRO-2011” in Blyzniukivskyi district of Kharkiv region. Sunflower cultivation technology, with the exception of the issues under study, was generally accepted in the study area. A two-factor field experiment by institutions using the split-plot method. The first-order plots were 3 sunflower hybrids: early ripening – SI Chester and Terrasol, and medium early – Concord. The second-order plots were 10 variants of the use of growth stimulants and complex fertilizers: I – control; II – treatment of seeds with the germination stimulator Humifield Forte; III – II + foliar feeding with Regoplant during phases 12-14 and 35-37 according to the BBCH code; IV – II + fertilizing with Fulvital during phases 12-14 and 35-37; V – II + fertilizing with a mixture of Regoplant and Fulvital during phases 12-14 and 35-37; VI – II + fertilizing with a mixture of Regoplant, Fulvital with LF-Sunflower fertilizer during phases 12-14 and 35-37; VII – II + + fertilizing with Regoplant during phases 12-14, 35-37 and 53-55; VIII – II + + fertilizing with Fulvital during phases 12-14, 35-37 and 53-55; IX – II + ferti-lizing with a mixture of Regoplant and Fulvital during phases 12-14, 35-37 and 53-55; X – II + fertilizing with a mixture of Regoplant, Fulvital with complex fertilizer «LF-sunflower» during phases 12-14, 35-37 and 53-55. The experiment was replicated three times. The area of the sowing and accounting plots of the experiment is 112.0 and 73.5 m2, respectively. According to the results of two years of research, the effect of the use of modern growth stimulants and complex water-soluble fertilizers on the photosynthetic potential of sunflower crops of the studied hybrids in individual growth stages and in general during the growing season was determined. Pre-sowing treatment of seeds with the germination stimulator Humifield Forte in combination with foliar fertilization with all the tested products and their mixtures ensured the formation of higher indicators of photosynthetic potential of crops (PPC) of all sunflower hybrids for all phases. The highest FPP of the studied sunflower hybrids during the phases of budding, flowering, seed formation and maturation was observed in the variants of pre-sowing seed treatment and three foliar fertilization from the 12-14th and 35-37th and 53-55th phases with a tank mixture of growth stimulants Regoplant, Fulvital Plus with complex water-soluble fertilizer “LF-sunflower” in doses recommended by their manufacturers. The total PPС for the growing season on average for 2023 and 2024 in this variant in sunflower hybrids SI Chester, Concord and Terrasol was 1491.9 thousand m2 days/ha, 1640.0 and 1576.3 thousand m2 days/ha, which is 11.9 %, 13.3 and 15.5 % higher, respectively, compared to the control of factor B (pre-sowing seed treatment in combination with foliar fertilization). Foliar feeding at the beginning of budding (53-55th phase) in the context of the formation of PPC indicators, both in individual phases and in general for the growing season, had no advantage over the variants with two foliar feedings with a similar mixture. On average over the years, the difference in total PPC between the variants of two and three foliar fertilization with a tank mixture of growth stimulants Regoplant and Fulvital Plus with complex water-soluble fertilizer «LF-sunflower» on crops of hybrids SI Chester, Con-cord and Terrasol was only 19.2 thousand m2 days/ha (1.2 %), 18.0 thou-sand m2 days/ha (1.1 %) and 28.1 thousand m2 days/ha (1.7 %), respectively.The effect of foliar fertilization with a mixture of all products on the PPC indicators both for individual growth stages and in general for the growing season was higher in less favorable conditions in 2024, while the third foliar fertilization also did not show an advantage over two fertilizations during the 12-14th and 35-37th phases. Among the studied hybrids, the high-oil hybrid Terrasol responded more effectively to the use of growth stimulants and complex water-soluble fertilizer “LF-sunflower”, which indicates the feasibility of introducing the recommended variants on this hybrid and similar hybrids in terms of morpho-biology. In particular, on average over the years, under the influence of factor B, the highest increase in total PPC of this hybrid was 15.5 %, while in hybrids SI Chester and Concord – 11.1 and 13.3 %, respectively. At the same time, in unfavorable weather conditions in 2024, the mid-early hybrid Concord responded more to the introduction of the studied variants of factor B. In particular, in the best variant of factor B, the total PPC of this hybrid was 20.5 % higher than in the control, while in hybrids SI Chester and Terrasol – by 14.5 % and 17.6 %, respectively.

Citation: Roenko, V., & Rozhkov, A. (2025). Photosynthetic potential of sunflower crops of hybrids of different maturity groups under the influence of pre-sowing seed treatment and foliar fertilization. Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the Institute of Oilseed Crops NAAS, 39, 168-183.

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