Науково-технічний бюлетень Інституту олійних культур НААН

Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the Institute of Oilseed Crops NAAS (ISSN: 2078-7316) / 2025 / 39 / P. 143-156
Economic and bioenergy efficiency of spring rice growing depending on agricultural influences
Polyakov O. I., Fostashchenko D. I.
High economic indicators of growing red spring wheat ensure low production costs and high purchase prices for raw materials. High competitiveness of red spring wheat is possible if modern production technologies are used, which should ensure high yields and product quality and increase the level of profitability by reducing cost indicators. The aim of the research was to determine the economic and bioenergetic efficiency of growing spring ryegrass depending on the use of mineral fertilizers and growth regulators using different sowing methods. The experiment was conducted in 2023–2025 at the experimental field of the Institute of Oilseeds of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine. Sowing of spring rye of the Prestige and Slavutych varieties was carried out at the optimal time (at a soil temperature of 4–6 °C) with a row spacing of 15 cm with a seeding rate of 5.0 million similar seeds per hectare and with a row spacing of 70 cm with a seeding rate of 3.0 million similar seeds per hectare. Variants of application of mineral fertilizers: 1 – Control (without fertilizers); 2 – N20P30; 3 – N30P60; 4 – N40P40K40. Mineral fertilizers were applied for pre-sowing cultivation. Variants of application of plant growth regulators: 1 – Control (spraying with water 200 l/ha); 2 – Rost-concentrate (1.0 l/ha); 3 – Chelatin oil (1.5 l/ha); 4 – Aminostar (0.5 l/ha). Spraying of crops was carried out in the rosette phase. The highest yield of spring rye of the Prestige variety – 1.32 and Slavutych variety – 1.40 t/ha was obtained when sowing with a row spacing of 15 cm against the background of mineral fertilizers in the dose of N40P40K40 with spraying of crops with the growth regulator Rost-concentrate in the rosette phase. When analyzing the economic indicators of growing spring ryegrass with the use of mineral fertilizers and growth regulators for various sowing methods at prices as of August 30, 2025, it was found that the total costs and cost of production were the lowest in the control without fertilizers and amounted to the following for the row sowing method: 8833–9142 UAH/ha and 7701–8333 UAH/t for the Prestige variety; 8620–8929 UAH/ha and 7153–7697 UAH/t for the Slavutych variety, and the highest, respectively: 15359–15667 UAH/ha and 11764–12094 UAH/ha for the Prestige variety; 15146–15454 UAH/ha and 10942–11388 UAH/t for the Slavutych variety for growing red spring wheat on the background of N40P40K40. With the wide-row sowing method, these indicators were somewhat higher and were, respectively: 8969–9279 UAH/ha and 9832-10552 UAH/t for the Prestige variety; 8755–9066 UAH/ha and 9021–9728 UAH/t for the Slavutych variety in the control and 15489–15796 UAH/ha and 14774–15336 UAH/ha for the Prestige variety; 15277–15583 UAH/ha and 13915–14296 UAH/t for the Slavutych variety for growing spring ryegrass on the background of N40P40K40. Thus, the use of mineral fertilizers led to an increase in total costs and an increase in the cost of production by 3182–6526 UAH/ha and 2282–5026 UAH/t. The use of growth regulators, in turn, contributed to an increase in total costs by 170–310 UAH/ha for both varieties, but a decrease in the cost of production by 22–835 UAH/t for the Prestige variety and 25–709 UAH/t for the Slavutych variety. The indicators of conditional net profit and profitability were higher for the row sowing method and amounted to: 26482–31940 UAH/ha with a profitability of 189.4–354.5 % for the Prestige variety and 28795–34252 UAH/ha with a profitability of 207.3–389.3 % for the Slavutych variety. The values of these indicators for the wide-row sowing method decreased, respectively, by: 7137–9579 UAH/ha and 58.3-98.5 % and 7487–10277 UAH/ha and 57.2–101.3 %. The use of mineral fertilizers led to a decrease in profit and profitability. The use of growth regulators, in turn, contributed to an increase in the values of these indicators by: 393–3673 UAH/ha and 1.0–34.5 % for the Prestige variety; 394–3672 UAH/ha and 0.7–34.5 % for the Slavutych variety. The highest conditional net profit for the Prestige variety of 31,940 UAH/ha and for the Slavutych variety of 34,252 UAH/ha at a profitability level of 354.5 and 389.3% was provided by growing red spring wheat on a background without fertilizers with spraying crops with the growth regulator Rost-concentrate using the row sowing method. When analyzing the indicators of bioenergetic efficiency of elements of the technology of growing spring ryegrass, it was found that under the condition of using mineral fertilizers, energy consumption increased by 2189–6894 MJ/ha for the varieties Prestige and Slavutych. Treatment of crops with growth regulators led to an increase in energy consumption by 267–713 MJ/ha. Energy consumption was higher by 256–494 MJ/ha for the variety Prestige and 290–562 MJ/ha for the variety Slavutych when sowing with a row spacing of 15 cm. The energy increment values decreased under the influence of mineral fertilizers and increased under the influence of growth regulators, respectively, by: 174–3216 and 205–2169 MJ/ha for the Prestige variety; 174–3444 and 205–2169 MJ /ha for the Slavutych variety. Growing red spring wheat with a row spacing of 15 cm led to an increase in energy increment values by 4984–6580 MJ/ha for the Prestige variety and 5212–7036 MJ /ha for the Slavutych variety compared to a row spacing of 70 cm. The energy coefficient, depending on the agricultural methods of growing red spring wheat, was 1.55–2.73 with an energy intensity of 9604–16864 MJ/t for the Prestige variety and 1.63–2.86 with an energy intensity of 9163–16091 MJ/t for the Slavutych variety. It should be noted that under the influence of mineral fertilizers, the energy coefficient decreased by 0.31–0.80 for the Prestige variety and 0.33–0.83 for the Slavutych variety, and the energy intensity increased by 1612–4942 and 1489–4747 MJ/t, respectively. Energy intensity was lower when growing with a row spacing of 15 cm by 1909–3093 MJ/t for the Prestige variety and 1770–2903 MJ/t for the Slavutych variety. The energy coefficient, on the contrary, was higher when planting in rows by 0.33–0.48. Treatment of crops with growth regulators Rost-concentrate and Aminostar contributed to a decrease in energy intensity and an increase in the energy coefficient, while the growth regulator Chelatin oilseeds, on the contrary, increased energy intensity and reduced the energy coefficient.The most effective in terms of energy indicators was the cultivation of spring ryegrass of the Prestige and Slavutych varieties with a row spacing of 15 cm on a background without fertilizers and spraying the crops with the growth regulator Rost-concentrate.
Citation: Polyakov, O. I., & Fostashchenko, D. I. (2025). Economic and bioenergy efficiency of spring rice growing depending on agricultural influences. Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the Institute of Oilseed Crops NAAS, 39, 143-156.
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