Науково-технічний бюлетень Інституту олійних культур НААН

Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the Institute of Oilseed Crops NAAS (ISSN: 2078-7316) / 2025 / 39 / P. 84-97
The effect of different combinations of row spacing with seed rates on the formation of productivity elements and biological yield seeds of sunflower
Braga Y. V., Rozhkov A. O., Malyna G. V.
The aim of the research was to determine the effect of different combinations of seed sowing rates and row spacing on the formation of productivity elements and biological seed yield of modern high-yielding sunflower hybrids of different maturity groups. The research was conducted in 2024 and 2025 at the «Gryga» Farm in the Poltava district of the Poltava region. Sunflower cultivation technology, with the exception of the issues under study, was generally accepted for the research area. A three-factor field experiment was set up using the split-plot method in three replicates. The first-order plots were two sunflower hybrids (factor A) – SI Diego (mid-season) and SI Flavio (mid-early), the second-order plots were two row spacing options (factor B) – 45 cm and 70 cm, and the third-order plots were four seed sowing rates (factor C) – 35 thousand seeds/ha; 40, 45, and 50 thousand seeds/ha. The area of the third-order sowing plot was 168.0 m², and the accounting area was 84.0 m². Based on the results of two years of research, the influence of various combinations of row spacing and seed sowing rates on the formation of productivity elements and biological seed yield of sunflower hybrids of different maturity groups was determined. The largest number of seeds in the basket was found in the mid-season sunflower hybrid SI Diego in the combination of a seed sowing rate of 35,000 seeds/ha with row spacing of 45 cm in the more favorable weather conditions of 2025 – 1,268 seeds. At the same time, the same number of seeds in the basket of this hybrid was found in the variants with a seed sowing rate of 40 and 45 thousand seeds/ha with row spacing of 45 cm and a seed sowing rate of 35 and 40 thousand seeds/ha with row spacing of 70 cm. The plant productivity elements of the studied hybrids were highest in the variants with the lowest sowing rate; however, due to the greater number of plants at the time of harvesting, the highest biological seed yield was in the variants with the highest sowing rate – 50 thousand seeds/ha. On average, over two years, the biological yield of SI Diego hybrid seeds in variants with row spacings of 45 and 70 cm at this seed sowing rate was 2.90 and 2.77 t/ha. The biological yield of seeds of the medium-early hybrid SI Flavio at a seed sowing rate of 50 thousand seeds/ha on variants with row spacings of 45 and 70 cm was 2.84 and 2.68 t/ha. A significant increase in the biological yield of sunflower seeds was established when the seed sowing rate was increased from 35 to 45 thousand seeds/ha. No significant increase was established when it was increased from 45 to 50 thousand seeds/ha. Only in the favorable year of 2025, in the variants with row spacing of 45 cm, a significant difference was noted between the biological yield of sunflower seeds of the medium-early hybrid SI Flavio. Among the hybrids studied in terms of biological seed yield, the mid-season hybrid SI Diego was the best. The biological seed yield of this hybrid averaged 2.29 and 2.88 t/ha in 2024 and 2025, based on sowing rates and row spacing, which is 0.08 and 0.10 t/ha higher than that of the SI Flavio hybrid at NIR05 of the main effect A – 0.06 and 0.08 t/ha, respectively. There was no significant difference between the studied row spacing options, but there was a tendency for higher biological seed yield of both hybrids in the options with 45 cm row spacing. Overall, according to the experiment, the highest biological seed yield in 2024 and 2025 was achieved by the mid-season sunflower hybrid SI Diego in the combination of a seed sowing rate of 50 thousand seeds/ha with a row spacing of 45 cm – 2.56 and 3.24 t/ha, respectively. However, the biological seed yield in this variant did not differ significantly from the variant with a seed sowing rate of 45 thousand seeds/ha, so from an agronomic point of view, it is not advisable to increase the seed sowing rate to 50 thousand seeds/ha.
Citation: Braga, Y. V., Rozhkov, A. O., & Malyna, G. V. (2025). The effect of different combinations of row spacing with seed rates on the formation of productivity elements and biological yield seeds of sunflower. Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the Institute of Oilseed Crops NAAS, 39, 84-97.
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