Науково-технічний бюлетень Інституту олійних культур НААН

Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the Institute of Oilseed Crops NAAS (ISSN: 2078-7316) / 2025 / 39 / P. 65-73
Influence of climatic conditions of vegetation on biochemical and morphological indicators of winter rape hybrids
Kalinova M. G., Taranets T. O.
The purpose of the work was to study the influence of weather conditions of vegetation on some biochemical and morphological characteristics of several experimental winter rapeseed hybrids. The research material was 12 winter rapeseed hybrids selected by the Institute of Oilseed Crops of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine. All experimental hybrids responded to the extreme conditions of the growing season in 2024 in terms of plant height with a significant decrease in this characteristic compared to the previous two years. However, for the hybrids Galian and Parallax, deviations of this indicator from the average over three years were not significant. The highest value of this characteristic in all experimental hybrids was noted in 2023, as the most favorable compared to 2022 and 2024. In most experimental hybrids, the plant height in 2023 was significantly higher than the average value for three years. The highest indicator of the length of the central branch of all hybrids was in 2022, but the presence of significant differences varied by year. Thus, in hybrids F1-190, F1-247, F1-217, F1-242, the fluctuations of this trait over three years were the smallest. The minimum values for all hybrids were observed in 2024. According to the trait of the number of pods on the central branch, most hybrids in the experimental group had higher values in 2022 and 2023. This characteristic was significantly lower in 2024 compared to previous years, except of the hybrid Parallax, in which the value of this characteristic was the highest only in 2022, in 2023 and 2024 the indicators were significantly lower. In hybrid F1-245, the indicator in 2023 was significantly higher compared to 2022 and 2024. In hybrid F1-217, the values of this trait over the years did not have significant differences. The most significant impact of adverse weather conditions during the vegetation period from May to July was reflected in the 1000-seed weight indicator, where air and soil drought in 2024 led to a significant decrease in this characteristic compared to 2022 and 2023. Eight hybrids had much higher 1000-seed weight indicators in both 2022 and 2023 compared to 2024. In three hybrids, this indicator was significantly higher in 2022, and one hybrid had the highest indicator in 2023. However, in all hybrids, the 1000-seed weight was lower in 2024 compared to the two previous years. Thus, under the influence of extreme weather conditions in 2024, there were noticeable deviations in the described morphological characteristics in most hybrids. The indicators of 2024 had significant differences compared to previous years, with a small exception. The results obtained are fully consistent with domestic and foreign studies in this direction (Topchii et al. 2022; Bahadur KC et al. 2020; Li et al. 2022; Korniychuk, Yurchuk 2023; Marjanović-Jeromela et al. 2019; Ungureanu et al. 2022; Wang et al. 2024; Ali et al. 2025).In the hottest 2024 year, 10 out of 12 hybrids had an oil content in seeds below 40%. The exceptions were two hybrids F1-211 (43.1%) and F1-213 (42.5%). Three hybrids (Galian, F1-212 and F1-242) had oil content lower than 40% during three years, and only one hybrid F1-213 had oil content higher than 40% during three years of research. All other hybrids mostly had oil content higher than 40% either in 2022 or in 2023, and two hybrids F1-190 and F1-245 in 2022 and 2023. By the content of glucosinolates during three years, the hybrids were distributed as follows: in 2024, four hybrids had a significant decrease in the amount of this indicator in seeds compared to 2022 and 2023, in the hybrid F1-211, on the contrary, its amount in 2024 increased and amounted to 33.1 μm/g, which was higher than the two previous years. Eight hybrids had a content glucosinolates in 2022 to 25.0 μm/g. Four hybrids had the lowest amount of glucosinolates in 2024: F1-190, F1-213, F1-212, F1-217. The most promising hybrids, given the consistently low content of glucosinolates (below 30 μm/g) regardless of weather conditions during the three years of testing, were F1-190, F1-245, F1-246, F1-247, F1-248
Citation: Kalinova, M. G., & Taranets, T. O. (2025). Influence of climatic conditions of vegetation on biochemical and morphological indicators of winter rape hybrids. Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the Institute of Oilseed Crops NAAS, 39, 65-73.
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