Науково-технічний бюлетень Інституту олійних культур НААН

Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the Institute of Oilseed Crops NAAS (ISSN: 2078-7316) / 2025 / 39 / P. 43-55
Realization of the genetic potential of sunflower under the influence of climatic features of the vegetation year
Odinets S. I.
The article shows that long-term climatic changes are a completely natural process caused by astronomical factors, and presents the averaged results of a six-year test of sunflower hybrids obtained in the fertility restorer nursery. The sum of active temperatures during the growing season varied from 3712.7 °C in 2017 to 4028.7 °C in 2015, the amount of precipitation – from 207.0 mm in 2016 to 341.5 mm in 2015, and the hydrothermal coefficient from 0.52 in 2016 to 0.85 in 2015. The average GTC indicator for 2013-2018 was 0.68 (with variations from 0.52 to 0.85), which corresponds to an arid or even dry zone. This indicates that the climate is becoming more arid. The mass of seeds per plant is positively correlated with temperatures in May –the correlation coefficient is 0.67 and in June – 0.77, but negatively with August, the correlation coefficient is -0.70. The correlation with precipitation is positive in July – 0.42, but negative in April -0.41 and September -0.42. Yield is positively correlated with May temperatures – correlation coefficient 0.60 and June – 0.74, but negatively with August temperatures – -0.67. The correlation with precipitation is smaller and is 0.48 in July and -0.35 in April and -0.36 in September. Seed oil content has a high positive correlation with April precipitation 0.56, June and September temperatures (0.61 and 0.68, respectively) and negative with September precipitation – 0.88. Oil yield is most positively correlated with June temperatures – correlation coefficient 0.74 and less than May – 0.52 and negatively with August temperatures – 0.57 and September precipitation – 0.46. The only factor that has a positive effect on all indicators of sunflower productivity is the sum of active temperatures in June. The correlation coefficient with the mass of seeds obtained from one plant is 0.77, with yield and oil yield per unit area – 0.74 and with seed oil content – 0.63. Seed oil content is also positively affected by the September SAT (correlation coefficient 0.72) and the April GTC – 0.52 and negatively by the April SAT – correlation coefficient -0.52, the May – -0.54 and the September GTC (-0.89). The mass of seeds obtained from one plant is negatively affected by the August SAT – -0.61.
Citation: Odinets, S. I. (2025). Realization of the genetic potential of sunflower under the influence of climatic features of the vegetation year. Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the Institute of Oilseed Crops NAAS, 39, 43-55.
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