Науково-технічний бюлетень Інституту олійних культур НААН

Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the Institute of Oilseed Crops NAAS (ISSN: 2078-7316) / 2015 / 22 / P. 129-139
Features of water consumption in soybean charm variety depending on agricultural techniques
Poliakov A.I., Nikitenko O.V.
Soybean is a water-loving plant. During the growing season it absorbs 4-5 times more water than wheat. However, conditions of excess humidity, especially in early development, strongly inhibit nitro fixing activity of rhizobia. During period from germination until beginning of flowering plants are able to withstand lack of moisture and high temperature. The need for moisture increases sharply in the flowering stage, and when legumes are forming. In areas with insufficient moisture one of the effective ways of collecting and preserving soil moisture is main cultivation. Study of the characteristics of soybean water consumption with different methods of primary tillage with application of growth stimulants was conducted in 2011-2013 in the fields of the Institute of Oilseed Crops NAAS. Object of research was middle-grade soybean Sharm variety. Sowing was carried out to a depth of 4-5 cm with 70 cm width between rows with seeding rate of 350 thousand similar seeds per hectare. Methods of primary tillage were: plowing (PLN-3-35 to a depth of 22-25 cm), subsurface (KLD-3 at a depth of 22-25 cm, PKN-3.6 at a depth of 16-18 cm, Resident at a depth of 14-16 cm), surface (BDT-7 to a depth of 10-12 cm). Agent options were: 1 – control group (water treatment); 2 - using Agrobak plus (2,0 l per ha) + seed treatment with Agrobak plus for seeds (400 ml per t); 3 - using Agrobak plus (2.0 l per ha) + 2 treatments at growing stage (3-5 leaves stage and budding stage) with tank mix Agrobak plus(2,0 l per ha) and Rostkontsentrat (0.75 l per ha) ; 4 - using Agrobak plus (2,0 l per ha) + seed treatment with Agrobak plus for seeds (400 ml per t) + 2 treatments at growing stage (3-5 leaves stage and budding stage) with tank mix Agrobak Plus (2,0 l per ha) and Rostkontsentrat (0,75 l per ha). On average over three years of research the total soybean water consumption was greatest for surface soil treatment and was depending on using Agrobak plus and Rostkontsentrat at 246,7-251,6 mm. In other tillage methods that were studied the figure decreased by 5,6-16,6 mm. Lowest water consumption for crops (230,1-233,6 mm) was marked by subsurface tillage with PKN-3,6 tool. Thus, when using agents total water consumption exceeded control group in all main methods of soil treatment. At the same time, total water consumption figures do not describe efficiency of using water without analyzing soybean yields. For the average three-year performance, the highest yield - 1,36-1,47 t per ha was provided by soybean with subsurface tillage tool KLD-3.0. When plowing yield was lower by 0,01-0,05 t per ha, with subsurface cultivation with tool PKN-3.6 by 0,07-0,10 t per ha, with subsurface cultivation with Resident tool by 0,08-0,11 t per ha, with surface cultivation with BDT-7 tool by 0,06-0,09 t per ha. With all methods of primary tillage largest yield increase relative to control group was established when using agents provided under the option 4. Given total water consumption and yield levels we established that the most rational soil moisture was used with subsurface tillage tool KLD-3.0, as evidenced by water consumption factor which with this particular tool were minimal at 1604-1707 cubic m per t. The least effective use of surface moisture was recorded for cultivation tool BDT-7 (1823-1912 cubic m per t.) and for subsurface cultivation tool Resident (1809-1912 cubic m per t.) Thus based on three-year study we established that: - Lowest water consumption crop for soybean Charm variety (230,1-233,6 mm) were recorded with subsurface cultivation by PKN-3.6 tool. With other methods of primary tillage total water consumption increased to 233,9-251,9 mm; - Most efficient soil moisture was used with subsurface tillage tool KLD-3.0, where rate of water consumption was 1604-1707 cubic m per t.; - Use of agents Agrobak plus and Rostkontsentrat with all methods of primary tillage contributed to more efficient use of water.
Citation: Poliakov, A., & Nikitenko, O. (2015). Features of water consumption in soybean charm variety depending on agricultural techniques. Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the Institute of Oilseed Crops NAAS, 22, 129-139.
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