Науково-технічний бюлетень Інституту олійних культур НААН

Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the Institute of Oilseed Crops NAAS (ISSN: 2078-7316) / 2015 / 22 / P. 119-128
Reaction of winter mustard novinka variety on additional mineral nutrition and application of retardant
A.I.Poliakov, Vakhnenko S.V.
One of the main factors that determine productivity of winter mustard is availability of mineral elements. Studies on the effect of mineral fertilizers and retardant application on yield formation of winter mustard Novinka variety were carried out on experimental plots of the Institute of Oilseed Crops in Zaporozhye region in 2011-2014. Sowing of winter mustard was carried out in two terms: I - the first decade of September; II - the second decade of September with an inter-row spacing of 70 cm and a seeding rate of 1,2 million viable seeds per hectare. We studied three options of using agents: 1 – control group; 2 – 100 kg per ha of ammonium nitrate (4 true leaves phase); 3 - 100 kg per ha of ammonium nitrate (4 true leaves phase) and apllication of Folikur retardant (6 true leaves phase). In autumn of 2011, sum of effective temperatures across the period from germination to growth termination above + 5 °C made up for the first sowing term 270.4 °C, for the second sowing term 104.9 °C. At the time of growth termination for plants from the first sowing term had 5,5-6,2 leaves, their height was 8,4-10,2 cm, diameter of root collar was 2 mm. Plants from the second sowing term had only 2,5-3,1 leaves at a height of 3,4-4,0 cm. In spring, after growth restoration percentage of overwintering for plants of first sowing term amounted to 29-36, while the second sowing term plants did not restore vegetation. Using ammonium nitrate contributed to the increase of plant hibernation at 4%. And in its turn, application of ammonium nitrate with Folikur retardant decreased it by 3 percent. In difficult weather conditions of the growing period winter mustard variety Novinka has received relatively low yield of 0,43-0,68 t per ha. The highest yield – 0,68 t per ha was provided by sowing winter mustard in the first ten days of September, when fertilizing with ammonium nitrate (100 kg/ha) in 4 true leaves phase. When using ammonium nitrate and Folikur retardant oil content in seeds of winter mustard fell in relation to the control group (44,6%) by 1,1-1,2%. As a result of observations of winter mustard plants in autumn of 2012 it was established that from germination to growth termination the sum of effective temperatures above + 5 °C was 559,5 °C (first sowing term) and 354.8 ° C (second sowing term). At the time of growth termination winter mustard plants of first sowing term had 6,4-7,9 leaves, their height was 28,8-34,2 cm, diameter of their root collar was 6,6-8,2 mm, against the respective figures of plants with the second sowing term: 6.4-6.9 leaves .; 18,2-18,9 cm; 5.2-5.3 mm. In spring of 2013, after growth restoration percentage of overwintering winter mustard plants of the first sowing term amounted to 19,9-26,3, the second sowing term plants did not restore their vegetation. Using ammonium nitrate resulted in a decrease in the percentage of overwintering plants by 1.9. And in turn, the application of ammonium nitrate with Folikur retardant contributed to an increase of 4.5% over-wintering plants. Highest yield of 1.08 t per ha was obtained with the option of ammonium nitrate application and applying Folikur retardant. Increase compared to the control group was 0.29 t per ha. Oil content in seeds of winter mustard Novinka variety according to the weather conditions of the growing season of 2012-2013 was within 46,0-46,4%. During the period from germination to growth termination in autumn of 2013 the sum of effective temperatures above + 5 ° C was for the first sowing term 291.8 ° C, for the second sowing term 278.3 ° C. At growth termination plants of the first sowing term had 7.1-7.8 leaves, their height was 16,1-17,9 cm, root collar diameter was in the range of 6,1-6,5 mm, against the respective figures for plants of the second sowing term: 4.9-5.3 leaves .; 4.8-5.2 cm; 3.8-4.2 mm. In spring, after growth restoration percentage of overwintering winter mustard plants for the first sowing term was 75,4-77,8, for the second sowing term plants it decreased to 51,9-54,7. Using ammonium nitrate contributed to the increase of overwintering plants for the first and second sowing terms by 2.4 and 2.8%, respectively, and in turn, the application of ammonium nitrate with retardant, respectively by 0.9 and 2.3%. Weather conditions of growing of winter mustard first sowing term was deemed optimal, yield level at which amounted to 1,47-1,54 t per ha. In the second sowing terms yield decreased by 0,39-0,45 t per ha. Highest yield of winter mustard Novinka variety at 1,54 t per ha was obtained at the first sowing term when using ammonium nitrate fertilizing and applying retardant. Winter mustard yield was greater in the second sowing term, and was within 42,9-44,1%, in the first sowing term it decreased to 42,3-42,9%. Under influence of ammonium nitrate and Folikur oil content increased by 0.2-1.2%. Thus, according to our study the weather and climatic conditions of the growing season in 2013-2014 formed yields obtained at both sowing terms of winter mustard Novinka variety. On average, research revealed a first sowing terms to be optimal (first ten days of September). Highest yield of winter mustard Novinka variety was obtained in 2012 (0.68 t per ha) when using ammonium nitrate, and in 2013 (1.08 t per ha) and in 2014 (1.54 t per ha) when fertilizing with ammonium nitrate at 100 kg per ha and using Folikur retardant on crops.
Citation: A.I.Poliakov, & Vakhnenko, S. (2015). Reaction of winter mustard novinka variety on additional mineral nutrition and application of retardant. Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the Institute of Oilseed Crops NAAS, 22, 119-128.
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