Науково-технічний бюлетень Інституту олійних культур НААН

Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the Institute of Oilseed Crops NAAS (ISSN: 2078-7316) / 2015 / 22 / P. 110-118
Impact of growth techniques on crop weediness and yeild of oil flax Kivika variety under steppe conditions of the Ukraine
Makhova T.V., Poliakov O.I.
Flax oil competes poorly with weeds. So their decimation for oil flax is one of the important conditions of high yield. Field research for influence of sowing method, harrowing and seeding rates on crop weediness and yield of oilseed flax Kivika variety were held at the Institute of Oilseed Crops NAAS in 2010-2013. Sowing was conducted by row and cross methods with SN-16P tool with sowing rate of 5,0; 6,0; 7,0 mln seeds per ha. Inter-row width was 15 cm. Harrowing was carried out in 'growth extension' development phase. Study showed that growth techniques that were studied, impacted growth, development and yield formation of linseed Kivika variety. Largest weed number before harrowing in 'growth extension' development phase was shown with sowing rate of 5,0 mln seeds per ha with 21,4 plants per sq. m. including monocots 4,9 plants per sq. m. and dicots 16,5 plants per sq. m. under row sowing method. At seeding rate of 6,0 mln seeds per ha number of weeds was 19,7 plants per sq. m. of which 4.8 plants per sq. m. were monocots and 14,9 plants per sq. m. were dicots. At seeding rate of 7.0 mln seeds per ha number of weeds was lowest and amounted to 19,1 plants per sq. m. out of which monocots were 4,8 plants per sq. m. and dicots 14,3 plants per sq. m. Same trend is observed in cross seeding method. Largest number weeds was for seeding rate of 5,0 mln seeds per ha – 20,2 plants per sq. m. where monocots accounted for 4,8 plants per sq. m. and dicots were 15,4 plants per sq. m.. At seeding rate of 6,0 mln seeds per ha number weed number was 19,0 plants per sq. m. of which 4,9 plants per sq. m. were monocots and 14,1 plants per sq. m. were dicots. The lowest number of weeds was at seeding rate of 7,0 mln seeds per ha – 17,9 plants per sq. m. were monocots 4,7 plants per sq. m. and 13,2 plants per sq. m. were dicots. After harrowing for method with no harrowing weed number slightly increased, and with harrowing - decreased. With row sowing technique and seeding rate of 5,0 mln seeds per ha number of weeds in no-harrowing method was 23,6 plants per sq. m., and with harrowing it dropped to 11,4 plants per sq. m. At seeding rate of 6,0 mln seeds per ha no-harrowing had weed number at 20,4 plants per sq. m. and after harrowing – 10,6 plants per sq. m. At seeding rate 7,0 mln seeds per ha no-harrowing – 20,0 plants per sq. m. and after harrowing - plants per sq. m. With cross sowing technique and seeding rate of 5,0 mln seeds per ha weed number without harrowing was 22,5 plants per sq. m. and after harrowing 10,0 plants per sq. m. At seeding rate 6,0 mln seeds per ha weed number without harrowing was 20,1 plants per sq. m. and after harrowing – 9,6 plants per sq. m. At seeding rate 7,0 mln seeds per ha no-harrowing weed number – 18,8 plants per sq. m. and after harrowing – 8,9 plants per sq. m. Havind crop harrowing led to fewer weeds with row and cross sowing methods. Lowest weed number was at the rate of 7,0 mln seeds per ha in both methods of sowing. Before harvesting oil flax weed number with row sowing method and seeding rate of 5,0 mln seeds per ha was without harrowing 38,7 plants per sq. m., where 7,3 plants per sq. m. were monocots and 31,4 plants per sq. m. were dicots; after harrowing number was 30,3 plants per sq. m. where 5,9 plants per sq. m. were monocots and 24,4 plants per sq. m. were dicots. At seeding rate of 6,0 mln seeds per ha before harrowing weed number was 35,1 plants per sq. m. (8,1 plants per sq. m.- monocots, 27,0 plants per sq. m. - dicots); after harrowing – 28,7 plants per sq. m. (monocots – 5,5 plants per sq. m. and 23,2 plants per sq. m. - dicots). At seeding rate of 7,0 mln seeds per ha before harrowing weed number was 34,0 plants per sq. m. (7,5 plants per sq. m. - monocots, 26,5 plants per sq. m. - dicots); after harrowing – 25,6 plants per sq. m. (monocots – 5,2 plants per sq. m. and 20,4 plants per sq. m. dicots). With cross sowing technique and seeding rate of 5,0 mln seeds per ha before harrowing weed number was 36,0 plants per sq. m. where monocots were 7,3 plants per sq. m., dicots – 28,7 plants per sq. m.; after harrowing weed number was 28,1 plants per sq. m. (5,2 plants per sq. m. – monocots and 22,9 plants per sq. m. – dicots). At seeding rate of 6,0 mln seeds per ha before harrowing weed number was 31,8 plants per sq. m. (7,4 plants per sq. m. - monocots, 24,4 plants per sq. m. – dicots); after harrowing – 23,4 plants per sq. m. (monocots – 5,7 plants per sq. m. and 17,7 plants per sq. m. - dicots). At seeding rate of 7,0 mln seeds per ha before harrowing weed number was 30,2 plants per sq. m. (7,3 plants per sq. m. - monocots, 22,9 plants per sq. m. - dicots); after harrowing – 20,7 plants per sq. m. (monocots – 4,9 plants per sq. m. and 15,8 plants per sq. m. - dicots). Largest air-dry weight was obtained for row sowing technique and seeding rate of 5,0 mln seeds per ha, at 33,7 g per sq.m. before harrowing, smallest air-dry weight was for rate of 7,0 mln seeds per ha – 22,4 g per sq.m. Plant density for oil flax before harrowing with increased seeding rate from 5,0 to 7,0 mln seeds per ha, increased for row sowing method from 3,86 to 5,25 mln seeds per ha and for cross sowing method - from 3,90 to 5,29 mln seeds per ha. This plant density for cross sowing method exceeded figures by 0,03-0,04 mln seeds per ha compared with row sowing method. Harrowing in 'stem extension' phase led to lower plant density for both row and cross sowing methods. With row sowing method plant density decreased by 0,19-0,23 mln seeds per ha. and with cross sowing method 0,23-0,28 mln seeds per ha. With no-harrowing row sowing method, total seed weight from one plant with seeding rate of 5,0 mln seeds per ha was 0,31 g, 6,0 mln seeds per ha – 0,25 g, 7,0 mln seeds per ha – 0,21 g; after harrowing 0,34 grams, 0,27 grams and 0,22 grams, respectively. In cross sowing without harrowing and seeding rate of 5,0 mln seeds per ha – 0,32 g, 6,0 mln seeds per ha – 0,28 g, 7,0 mln seeds per ha – 0,24 g; after harrowing 0,34 grams, 0,31 grams and 0,25 grams, respectively. Index of mass of 1000 seeds for row sowing without harrowing decreased when increasing seeding rate from 4,50 g to 4,32 g, with harrowing from 4,53 g to 4,35 g. Changes of indicator performance for oil flax Kivika variety under the influence of agrotechniques affected yeild level. In crops without harrowing with row sowing greatest yield of 1,20 t per ha was observed at a rate of 5,0 mln seeds per ha, for cross sowing at 1,30 t per ha at sowing rate of 6,0 mln seeds per ha. For harrowed crops yield increased for row sowing to 1,26 t per ha, and for cross sowing to 1,35 t per ha. Thus, on average for 2010-2013 optimal conditions for growth, development and yield formation for food grade oil flax Kivika variety formed during cross sowing method with sowing rate of 6,0 mln seeds per ha and having harrowing in 'stem extension' phase. Yield under those conditions was 1,35 t per ha.
Citation: Makhova, T., & Poliakov, O. (2015). Impact of growth techniques on crop weediness and yeild of oil flax Kivika variety under steppe conditions of the Ukraine. Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the Institute of Oilseed Crops NAAS, 22, 110-118.
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