Науково-технічний бюлетень Інституту олійних культур НААН

Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the Institute of Oilseed Crops NAAS (ISSN: 2078-7316) / 2015 / 22 / P. 82-89
Source material of sunflower for heterosis under conditions of steppe of Ukraine
Odinets S.І., Кutishcheva N.N., Shudria L.І., Sereda V. О.
The article presents the results of three years of testing the best hybrid combinations obtained in 2007. The study was conducted hybrids in 2008 - 2010 years. Experience laid according to the method B.A. Dospehova. Plants plots were evaluated in such economically valuable feature: weight of 1000 seeds, yield, oil content and oil yield in 1 hectare, etc. Total 158 hybrid combinations were evaluated. 3 fertility restorer were used to create hybrids: ZL134V, ZL201V, ZL678V. The aim of this study is to determine the role of climate in shaping the productivity of sunflower hybrids and the creation of new hybrid combinations, the most adapted to the weather conditions in Ukraine. The most unfavorable for the formation of the harvest turned out to year 2008. In July, it was still minor rainfall - 7.5 mm in the third decade, and for the entire period of August and the first decade of September rains was not at all. Lack of moisture has affected the accumulation of oil in the seeds (36 - 43%) and yield formation (average yield was only 2.03 t/ha). However, two hybrid combination of ZL(102/70)A//ZL201V and ZL(102/74)A//ZL201V formed a yield of more than 2.5 t/ha. The remaining yield ranged from 1.3 t/ha to 2.5 t/ha. The next two years were more favorable to the culture. In 2009, low precipitation fell in July and early August. The totality of these factors and a decrease in high temperatures contributed to the formation of a higher yield (average yield on the nursery - 2.56 t/ha), the maximum accumulation of oil (47,95%), but the formation of lightweight seeds (weight of 1000 seeds - 56,84g). The maximum efficiency of the hybrids showed ZL(102/58)A//ZL678V, ZL(102/74)A//ZL678V and ZL(103/76)A//ZL134V that formed yields three or more tons per hectare. The most favorable was 2010. Precipitation in July (45 mm) provided a plant available moisture during flowering and ripening seeds, which allowed to generate the best yield for all the years the test crop (average was 3.06 t/ha). From 158 hybrids tested in 2010, thirteen combinations formed a yield in the range of 3.5 - 3.7 t/ha, 63 hybrid - 3.0 - 3.5 t/ha, and the rest - in the range above 2,5 t/ha. Oilseed averaged 46.32%. To determine not only the general laws, but also differences in the implementation of the productive potential of some hybrids. For example, ZL(102/74)A//ZL678V (± 0.05 t/ha) ZL(74/102)A//ZL678V (± 0.03 t/ha) and ZL(70/102)A//ZL134V (± 0.03 t/ha) were almost the same yield in 2009 and 2010. The hybrid ZL(102/70)A//ZL201V showed maximum productivity in 2009 (3.0 t/ha). Oil and protein - the main components of sunflower seeds, which are in a state of dynamic equilibrium. The total content of oil and protein - a constant, averaging 83%. Abundant rainfall contribute to a greater accumulation of oil, a drought - the accumulation of the protein. In 2009, with the lowest average weight of 1000 seeds oil content rate in the whole kennel has high values. In comparison, over the years noted a change of fat accumulation in the seeds, it was in 2009 as a whole the maximum, but singled hybrid combinations in which this indicator is higher than in 2010, ZL(102/70)A//ZL201V - 50.24% , ZL(102/72)A//ZL134V - 49.11%, ZL(70/102)A//ZL134V - 48.97% and ZL(102/58)A//ZL678V - 45.32%. From the number are experiencing hybrids oil content ranged from 36.09 to 43.32% in 2008, from 41.89 to 51.61% in 2009 and from 40.33 to 50.87% in 2010. In contrast to the yield and oil yield, the smallest averaged value of the mass of 1000 seeds were obtained in 2009. This can be explained by the small amount of precipitation in July-August 2009 - 24.5 mm for two months. In 2008, during the same period fell 40 mm of rain, and in 2010 - 52.5 mm. Despite the fact that 2008 was the wettest, that during filling seeds of the plant suffered from a lack of moisture. On the test results the most mass of 1000 seeds was observed in hybrid combinations ZL(103/74)A//ZL201V - 72.61 g, ZL(102/74)A//ZL201V - 72.55, the minimum fluctuations of the indicator under the influence weather conditions observed in hybrids ZL(102/58)A//ZL678V - 4,33g and ZL(102/70)A//ZL201V - 4.34 g, and the maximum - in ZL(103/74)A//ZL201V - 15.00 g and ZL(102/74)A//ZL678V - 10.16 g. Obtained hybrid combinations that regardless of weather conditions, formed a relatively heavy achenes. In hybrid combinations ZL(102/72)A//ZL134V, ZL(102/74)A//ZL201V, ZL(74/102)A//ZL678V heaviest seeds were obtained in 2008. In ZL(102/74)A//ZL678V - in 2009, while the ZL(103/64)A//ZL134V, ZL(103/76)A//ZL134V, ZL(103/74)A//ZL201V - in 2010. It was found that the studied hybrids are characterized by a large individual variation on the grounds of efficiency. For the realization of the pledged genetic potential of productivity is strongly influenced by weather conditions, especially rainfall that fell in July and August.
Citation: Odinets, S., Кutishcheva, N., Shudria, L., & Sereda, V. О. (2015). Source material of sunflower for heterosis under conditions of steppe of Ukraine. Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the Institute of Oilseed Crops NAAS, 22, 82-89.
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