Науково-технічний бюлетень Інституту олійних культур НААН

Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the Institute of Oilseed Crops NAAS (ISSN: 2078-7316) / 2015 / 22 / P. 70-74
Hybridization as an efficient method to create source material for mustard breeding
Zhuravel V.M., Budilka G.I.
Hybridization (interspecific and intraspecific), as well as mutagenesis, is considered as one of the effective methods to improve or combine certain traits in plants, to expand number of modified traits. The aim of our research was to create source material for mustard breeding, and to select samples with a complex of economically valuable traits. Our material were parental pairs for crossing two samples of leaf mustard from collection of Laboratory of Breeding Mustard of Institute of Oilseed Crops NAAS: accession K-4190 (Russia) and Zem 1 (Australia). Hybridization was carried out with a modified technique. Castration was carried out on the day before opening of buds (yellow-green color), while pollen was applied immediately after castration (flower protogeny of cruciferous crops was used). Immediately after pollination buds were isolated. We used such methods as: field - for phenological observations, biometric measurements; laboratory - to evaluate performance and quality of the test material; mathematical and statistical - analysis and assessment of reliability of results. After crossing we studied variability of economically valuable traits of mustard hybrids over seven generations. We established that expression of traits "erucic acid content" and "seed oil content" in the F1 and F2 hybrids is intermediate in nature, regardless of components level in both crosses. This way erucic acid content in hybrids tends to bring itself closer to the level low-erucic component and oil content in seeds - to low content accession. We chose plants with valuable traits that are stably inherited in offspring. As a result of multiple individual selection we separated breeding accession of leaf mustard VA 368.1 from cross of K-4190 ? Zem. Table shows results of competitive tests, which examined seven accessions of leaf mustard, compared with the national standard – Tavrychanka variety. Reliably in terms of yield accessions BA-368.1 (22.2 kg per ha) and BH-1001 (18.8 kg per ha) exceeded by 1,8-5,2 kg per ha standard that yields 17.0 kg per ha In terms of oil content in mustard seeds, accessions NV-0495, MJ-1986, NV-057 significantly exceeded standard sample by 2,18-3,28%. Highest oil content at 45.06% was observed in breeding accession MJ-1986. Essential oil content varied from 0.72% (VN-1007) to 1.01% in MJ-1834, when 0.75% is the standard. Accessions VA-368.1, MJ-1986, VN-1001, 1834-MJ. Significantly exceeded by 0,1-0,26% this number. Available, but acceptable value (5%) of erucic acid content in oil was present in three accessions: VN-1007, VA-368.1 and Tavrychanka variety. Mass of 1000 seeds in studied accessions ranged from 2.52 g for breeding mustard accession VN-1007 to 3.05 g in VA-368.1 with 3.00 g for standard sample. Significantly MJ-1834 accession prevails by 0.3 g. According to three year test in competitive nursery leaf mustard accession VA-368.1 (Mira variety) was isolated due to a the complex of economically valuable traits with indicators of: yield at 2.2 t per ha, oil content at 42%, allil-mustard oil at 0.9%, plant height at 140-170 cm, length of growing season at83 days. Consequently, if we need to improve acid composition of mustard oil accessions, that has different good indicators (oil content in seeds, large mass of 1000 seeds, etc.). it can be crossed with low-erucic accession. Hybridization allowed to combine the basic traits of a new variety - high yield, high oil content in seeds and lack of erucic acid. We obtained accession of leaf mustard VA-368.1 (Mira variety) that has higher yield than standard (Tavrychanka variety) by 0.42 t per ha, oil content in seeds by 0.41%, content of essential oil by 0.15% and shorter vegetation period by 8 days.
Citation: Zhuravel, V., & Budilka, G. (2015). Hybridization as an efficient method to create source material for mustard breeding. Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the Institute of Oilseed Crops NAAS, 22, 70-74.
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