Науково-технічний бюлетень Інституту олійних культур НААН

Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the Institute of Oilseed Crops NAAS (ISSN: 2078-7316) / 2015 / 22 / P. 63-69
Soybean collection – the source of initial material for breeding
Grigorchuk N.F., Dontsova Yu.I.
Soybean is the main grain legume culture of world agriculture in the twenty-first century and is the focus of the world agricultural science and production. Over the past 50 years its world production increased from 26.9 million tons to 263 million tons, i.e. at 9.8 times. To form the collection at the Institute of oilseeds NAAS is the introduction and study of samples of soybeans enrich the genetic diversity of the gene pool culture in Ukraine and are sources of valuable economic traits. The aim of this work was to study a collection; a study of valuable economic traits in samples of soybean and selection of the best of them for use in breeding work. In 2012-2014 examined 142 samples of soybeans according to the methodical guidelines on the selection and seed soybeans. Based on these estimates of the samples formed a working collection on plant height, the attachment of the lower pod, the number of lateral branches, number of nodes, the number of productive pods in the node, number of pods on one plant. Height of plants with 142 samples of soybeans of various origins 50% (71 samples) of them were samples from undersized to medium forms (plant height 51-70 cm), 11.3 % (16 plants) plant height was at the level 71-90 cm and they belonged to the middle group, 55 samples were stunted (38,7%) plant height which reached up to 50 cm. The height of attachment of the lower bean is allocated the greatest number of samples 64 pieces (45,1 %) who were of low height of attachment of the lower Bob (6,1-8,0 cm), higher low (8,1-10 cm) was recorded in 37 samples (26.1 per cent), six samples (4,2%) had a height of attachment of the lower Bob's 10.1-12 cm and belonged to the group below average, only three samples (2,1 %) had an average height of attachment of the lower Bob (of 12.1-14.0 cm). By the number of lateral branches on one plant was isolated in the greatest number of samples 31 units (21,8 %) have surpassed the seven samples. In 18 samples (12.7 per cent) reported a high number of lateral branches (6,1-7,0), in 22 samples or 15.5% of this trait corresponded to the level of existence above the small (1.1 to 2 pieces), below the average (2,1-3,0) and lower high (5,1-6,0). The rest of the samples the expression of the trait was average (3,1-4,0) in 15 samples and above average (4,1-5,0) were detected in 11 samples. The greatest number of beans in the productive node is formed at 52 (36.6%), and it was average (4,1-5,0). High (7,1-8) was observed in five samples (3.5 %) and very high - only in two samples or 1.4 %. The number of pods on one plant selected 43 samples, or 30.3 %, a low manifestation of the trait (51-70), with high symptom (101-120 beans) are highlighted in five samples (3.5 %), and very high (<120) were observed in 10 samples (7.0 per cent). In the working collection of 14 accessions of soybean has formed a large number of lateral branches per plant - 6,1-7,0 pieces - Romantika, Yatran, Diona, Feya, Anatoliivka, Podiaka, Danko, Odes’ka-150, (Ukraine), Corada (Canada), Harlon (USA), Urozhajnaya, Lira (Russia), Bydgoska (Poland). A large number of nodes per plant, >15штук accounted for 13 samples among them, eight samples of the Ukrainian selection - Vasylkivska, Yatran, Feya, Aratta, Podiaka, Sofia, Odes’ka-150, Deimos, one sample from Russia – Lada, two samples from China - Sui 76-5191, Heinong 10 and one from Canada – Corada and one from the USA - Stine 1980. Samples of Pripyat (Belarus), Nega (Russia), Heinong 46 (China), Chernivecka 9 (Ukraine), Stine 1980 (USA) formed a larger number of beans in the productive nodes (7,1-8,0), and the sample of the Eastern (Ukraine), this indicator was very high (>8,0 pieces). For soybean important role in the formation of a crop plays a number of pods on one plant. A high proportion (101-120) had seven samples of soy - Romantika, Osoblyva, Feya, Arcadia Odes’ka, Chernivetska 9, Vasilkivsky (Ukraine), Stine 1980 (USA). Very high rate (>120 pods) was in seven samples - Lada (Russia), Podiaka, Sofia, Odes’ka – 150, Deimos, Yug-40 (Ukraine), Corada (Canada). In the Institute of oil crops formed the collection of soybeans, are 142 samples that originate from 11 countries. Based on the study results major valuable economic traits selected samples with different levels of manifestation of signs on the basis of which formed a working collection of productivity elements of plant: number of lateral branches per plant, number of nodes per plant, number of pods in the productive node and the number of pods on one plant. The selected samples with different level of manifestation of signs and sources of valuable economic traits, the introduction of which can improve the efficiency of breeding work in the creation of new starting material soybeans.
Citation: Grigorchuk, N., & Dontsova, Y. (2015). Soybean collection – the source of initial material for breeding. Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the Institute of Oilseed Crops NAAS, 22, 63-69.
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