Науково-технічний бюлетень Інституту олійних культур НААН

Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the Institute of Oilseed Crops NAAS (ISSN: 2078-7316) / 2015 / 22 / P. 53-62
The five-year work on creation collections of oilseeds in the Institute of Oilseed Crops NAAS
Vedmedeva E.V., Kirpicheva N.M., Machоva T.V., Leus T.V.
Many countries take part in the study and reserving plant world genetic resources. There are some world-wide organizations engaged in the study and reserving plant collections: FAO, Bioversity International, ICARDA, ICRISAI, etc. The most important contribution in keeping of collections make national plant banks. The top 5 are in USA (500 000samples), China (400 000 samples), India (370 000 samples), Russia (330 000 samples), Japan (240 000 samples). There are 140 000 samples in Ukrainian bank. Now in Ukraine some types of collections are being registered: basic, medullary, characteristic, genetic, special, working, study, doublet. Genetic collections are the most studied. The oilseed crops and their collections in Ukraine are studied by the Institute of the Oilseed Crops NAAS that in 2011-2015 had the task “To work out the methodical basis of using donors, forming genetic and feature collections of the oilseed crops” from “Genetic resources” science-technical program. The aim of our work was to make collections in main oilseed crops and to study them and also to work out methodics and methods of work with oilseed crops. The work was carried out in the fields of the Institute of the Oilseed Crops at the collection material that in the beginning of the research consisted of 1636 samples including 666 sunflower samples, 300 samples of palma christi, 118 samples of flax, 90 samples of mustard, 72 sesame samples and 26 samples of safflower. Study and description of the collections was provided according to UPOV, classifiers and methodics of the study of collections by Merezhko. The Institute of the Oilseed Crops collections include samples of 16 oilseed crops. Our research conducted at the collections with more than 20 samples. Sunflower, flax, mustard, safflower, and sesame were chosen as priority cultures. In 2015 the collection of the Institute of the Oilseed Crops contains 1749 samples including 704 samples of sunflower, 300 of castorbean, 295 of soybean, 135 of flax, 92 of mustard, 113 of sesame, 42 of safflower, 20 of peanut and 48 samples of other rare cultures. Sunflower is the most studied culture in our collection. These research let us to begin laying of the genetic collections. We studied morphological marker sings and the gene of the increased oleic acid. As a result of the research was a genetic collection of analog lines of sunflower in morphological sings of 44 samples including 10 initial breeding lines, 19 lines created by backcrossing and 15 mutant lines 10 of which were received with the help of the chemical mutagenesis. There are 20 genes forming morphological marker sings and one — the higher content of oleic acid (80%). The collection has been described by 35 morphological and valuable breeding sings and would serve further study of gene interaction in sunflower. The large-fruit sing was also studied. It was find out the one had complex and recessive type of inheritance. The samples InK2058, M1048, LD835, SL2966 were registered as large-fruit donors. Also the sings of edge flowers colour, vegetative mass increasing, energetic capacity of biological raw material, seed colour, resistance were picked out. Two methodical developments “Method for determining colouration of edge sunflower flowers” and “Method for determining colouration of sunflower seed using instrumental technologies” were worked out. The collection of sesame includes 120 samples from 15 countries. It is basic collection and the samples were evaluated by biometric and economically valuable characteristics. The samples with resistance for fusarium wilt, decreased shedding, different seed and flower colour, plant pubescence were among them. Also the breeding method for sesame was improved. The culture of safflower is being studied in the Institute for 10 years. The collection has been widened by the samples from Russia, China, Ukraine and with the help of our work in homozygositing and breeding. The patent “Method for crossing dyer's-saffron” was registered. There are 2 collections of safflower created by our Institute. The characteristic collection includes 24 samples from 4 countries. The genetic collection of safflower includes 25 samples from 4 counties — Syria, Russia, China and Ukraine. There is information in registration certificate for 24 sings with 71 grading. The inheritance of 4 colour types of flowers in safflower, of spiness, of leaf form, of bracts form, of capitulum form, of branch position according to the stem, of leaf colour was studied. Also as the result of breeding work the Dobrynya variety was created. Thus 5 collections of sunflower, safflower and sesame were created, there are 2 genetic ones among them, they have the highest scientific level.
Citation: Vedmedeva, E., Kirpicheva, N., Machоva, T., & Leus, T. (2015). The five-year work on creation collections of oilseeds in the Institute of Oilseed Crops NAAS. Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the Institute of Oilseed Crops NAAS, 22, 53-62.
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